What are Hives?
Hives, also known as urticaria, are raised, itchy welts on the skin that appear suddenly. They can vary in size and shape and may join together to form larger areas called plaques. Hives can be acute (lasting less than six weeks) or chronic (lasting more than six weeks).
Symptoms of Hives
- Raised Welts: Red or skin-colored welts that can appear anywhere on the body.
- Itching: The welts are often very itchy and can cause discomfort.
- Swelling: The affected areas may swell and feel warm.
- Shape and Size Changes: Welts can change shape, move around the body, and vary in size from small spots to large patches.
Causes of Hives
- Allergic Reactions: Common triggers include foods (like nuts, shellfish, and eggs), medications, insect stings, and pollen.
- Infections: Viral infections such as colds or the flu can cause hives.
- Physical Stimuli: Factors like heat, cold, sunlight, water, pressure, or exercise can trigger hives.
- Stress: Emotional stress can also lead to hives.
- Underlying Health Conditions: Conditions like autoimmune diseases can sometimes cause chronic hives.
Diagnosis
A healthcare provider can diagnose hives based on your medical history and a physical examination. In some cases, allergy tests or blood tests may be conducted to identify the underlying cause.
Treatment Options
- Antihistamines: Over-the-counter or prescription antihistamines can help reduce itching and swelling.
- Corticosteroids: For severe cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation.
- Avoiding Triggers: Identifying and avoiding known triggers can help prevent hives.
- Cool Compresses: Applying cool compresses to the affected areas can provide relief from itching and swelling.
- Medications for Chronic Hives: For chronic hives, medications like omalizumab (an injectable drug) may be used.
Prevention Tips
- Avoid Known Allergens: Stay away from foods, medications, or other substances that trigger your hives.
- Manage Stress: Practice stress-reducing techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises.
- Protect Your Skin: Avoid extreme temperatures and wear loose, comfortable clothing.
- Regular Check-Ups: If you have chronic hives, regular visits to a healthcare provider can help manage the condition.