What is a Cyst?
A cyst is a sac-like pocket of membranous tissue that contains fluid, air, or other substances. Cysts can develop almost anywhere in the body or under the skin. They are usually benign (noncancerous), but some may require treatment if they cause symptoms or complications.
Types of Cysts in Dermatology
- Epidermoid Cysts: Small, benign bumps filled with keratin, often appearing on the face, neck, or torso.
- Sebaceous Cysts: Form within sebaceous glands and are filled with sebum, commonly found on the face, neck, or torso.
- Ganglion Cysts: Round, gel-filled lumps that usually appear along tendons or joints, especially in the hands, wrists, ankles, and feet.
- Pilonidal Cysts: Occur near the tailbone and can contain hair and skin debris.
Causes of Cysts
- Blocked Ducts: Can lead to fluid build-up.
- Infections: Can cause cyst formation.
- Chronic Inflammatory Conditions: Such as acne.
- Genetic Conditions: Some cysts are hereditary.
- Injuries: Trauma to the skin or underlying tissues.
Symptoms of Cysts
- Visible Lump: A noticeable bump under the skin.
- Pain or Discomfort: Especially if the cyst is pressing on a nerve or other structures.
- Redness and Swelling: If the cyst becomes inflamed or infected.
- Changes in Size: Cysts can grow over time.
Diagnosis
A healthcare provider can often diagnose a cyst through a physical examination. Imaging tests like ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans may be used to determine the cyst’s size and location. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to rule out cancer.
Treatment Options
- Observation: Many cysts do not require treatment and may resolve on their own.
- Drainage: A healthcare provider can drain the fluid from the cyst.
- Surgical Removal: The cyst can be surgically removed if it causes symptoms or complications.
- Medications: Antibiotics may be prescribed if the cyst is infected.
Prevention Tips
- Good Hygiene: Keeping the skin clean can help prevent some types of cysts.
- Avoiding Trauma: Protecting the skin from injury can reduce the risk of cyst formation.
- Regular Check-Ups: Monitoring any new or changing lumps with a healthcare provider.