What is Actinic Keratosis?
Actinic Keratosis (AK), also known as solar keratosis, is a rough, scaly patch on the skin caused by years of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. It is considered a precancerous condition because it can develop into skin cancer if left untreated.
Symptoms of Actinic Keratosis
- Rough, Scaly Patches: These patches are often easier to feel than see and may be pink, red, or the same color as your skin.
- Raised Bumps: The patches can be flat or slightly raised and may have a hard, wart-like surface.
- Color Changes: Affected areas can vary in color, including pink, red, or brown.
- Itching or Burning: Some people experience discomfort in the affected areas.
Risk Factors
- Sun Exposure: Frequent or intense exposure to UV rays is the primary cause.
- Fair Skin: People with lighter skin, blond or red hair, and blue or green eyes are at higher risk.
- Age: The risk increases with age, particularly for those over 40.
- Weakened Immune System: Conditions or medications that suppress the immune system can increase risk.
- History of Sunburns: Past sunburns, especially severe ones, can contribute to the development of AK.
Prevention Tips
- Use Sunscreen: Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 daily.
- Wear Protective Clothing: Long sleeves, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses can help protect your skin.
- Avoid Peak Sun Hours: Stay out of the sun between 10 AM and 4 PM when UV rays are strongest.
- Avoid Tanning Beds: These devices emit harmful UV radiation.
- Regular Skin Checks: Examine your skin regularly for any new or changing spots and see a dermatologist annually.
Diagnosis
A dermatologist can often diagnose AK by examining your skin. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out skin cancer.
Treatment Options
- Topical Medications: Creams or gels such as fluorouracil, imiquimod, or diclofenac can be applied to the affected areas.
- Cryotherapy: Freezing the lesions with liquid nitrogen to destroy abnormal cells.
- Curettage: Scraping off the damaged skin cells, sometimes followed by electrosurgery.
- Photodynamic Therapy: Applying a chemical solution to the skin and exposing it to light to kill abnormal cells.